读创/深圳商报记者 肖晗
北京大学国家发展研究院与智联招聘10月12日联合发布《2022雇佣关系趋势报告》。《报告》认为，随着数字经济蓬勃发展，数字化和新兴职位涌现，职业类型、招聘需求、就业人群、求职心态、工作形态等都出现了多元趋势。数据显示，高达53.9%的职场人正在尝试兼职，15%的00后已经实现全职工作以外的“专业技能变现”。
数字化新兴职业降低就业门槛
报告显示，从产业维度来看，互联网相关行业占据职位招聘的主导地位。来自IT、通信、电子、互联网行业的招聘职位数所占比重逐年增加，由疫情前的四分之一占比上升到疫情后将近三分之一的职位。而通过进一步对行业、职位大类和职位小类的归纳分析发现，数字化职业以及依托于数字技术而诞生的新兴职业（零工经济、线上娱乐、线上消费等）在疫情后经历了显著增长，其中零工经济（快递、外卖等）和线上娱乐（直播、游戏等）相关的职位数增长最为迅猛。2022年以来，零工经济和线上娱乐职位数量增幅扩大，1月至7月翻了两番；元宇宙、剧本杀等新兴职业涌现，职位占比自疫情前约15%上升到疫情后约20%。
智联招聘的调研数据显示，不同大类职位对学历要求差距较大。线上娱乐、零工经济要求大专以上学历的占比均不足20%，而其他大类对大专及以上学历的要求都在50%以上。报告认为，这很可能解释了学历要求“高中及以下”的职位为何在近两年快速扩张。数字化转型在提升对于高技术高学历人才的需求同时，也使得更多的低学历人群可以参与到数字化催生的新兴工作（如外卖、直播等）中来。对于低学历人群来说，数字化新兴职位降低了就业门槛，提供了新的赚钱契机。
超七成00后愿当“数字游民”
报告也反映了职场人带来的雇佣关系变革。在疫情影响和数字化驱动下，作为一种被数字信息技术赋能的全新工作模式——“数字游民”诞生。数字游民完全依靠互联网创造收入，并借此打破工作与地点的强关系，达成地理位置自由和时间自由。智联招聘调研数据显示，76.4%的00后愿意成为“数字游民”，高于总体的73%。目前，许多数字游民生活在二三线城市，赚取一线城市的工资，并可将旅行、居住、工作、游玩结合起来，享受边工作边休假的生活。这种全新工作和生活方式，更能得到年轻人的喜爱。
此外，“只做一份工作”也已不是所有人的选择。北大国发院-智联招聘2022多元职场群体调研数据显示，有00后受访者中，有高达54.5%的职场人正在从事兼职。凭借教育、律师、金融、咨询、摄影等专业技术做兼职的00后占比最高达到15%，可见相当一部分年轻人已经实现了全职工作以外的“专业技能变现”，此外，社交博主、自营店店主等兼职工作备受年轻人欢迎。
求职偏好“稳定”与“自由”并存
报告认为，当代职场人尤其是年轻人有着更多元化求职偏好——“稳定”与“自由”并存。
在所有受访的职场人中，32.1%倾向于到国企/事业单位工作，占比高于其他性质的企业，体现了不确定环境中职场人的“求稳”心态。在00后群体中，这一比例达到32.3%，高于70后的15.5%、80后的27.3%、90后的30.1%，低于95后的37.6%，整体趋势呈现出职场人随着年龄层降低，对“稳定”的渴求度越高，与大众对年轻人“不爱稳定爱闯荡”的刻板印象不符。
但同时，数据显示，也有9.8%的00后愿意从事自由职业，占比明显高于70后的1.9%、80后的5%、90后的6%和95后的5.4%。随着短视频主播、兼职策划等自由职业的兴起，伴随着互联网浪潮成长起来的00后，更愿意接受并从事自由职业，实现工作与生活的平衡。
此外，00后、95后跨地域和跨行业求职的比例明显较高。其中有近四分之一的求职者的目标城市与所在城市不同，有超过15%的求职者寻找在其他省份的工作机会；有超过半数求职者当前所在行业与求职目标行业不同。分析这可能与年轻群体单身比例高、没有家庭顾虑相关，同时也展现出年轻群体勇于打破地域局限，跨行业发展，争取更多机遇的决心。
在工作态度方面，年轻人与前辈们也有所不同。以加班为例，都说年轻人讨厌加班，事实可能并非如此。报告数据表明，在加不加班的问题上，年轻人没有简单的“可以”或者“不可以”，而是给出了更加包容开放的选择——72.7%的00后表示“如果加班费合理就加班”，高于整体的63.9%。相应的，只有7.3%的00后选择“无论是否有加班费都会加班”，占比显著低于15.3%的平均水平。这意味着，年轻人并不是不愿加班，而是拒绝没有回报的付出，抵制职场PUA。
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你好，我是坦爸，专注传播职场正能量的体制内老司机。 今天，坦爸来讲讲，公务员如何正当“搞钱”。 体制内兼职不是什么新鲜事，没干过也总会想过吧，只是因为这个特殊“身份”，适合做的兼职…
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在互联网迅猛发展的当今时代，流量已经成为了我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。随着智能手机的普及和移动互联网的飞速发展，人们对流量的需求与日俱增。市场上的流量卡资费活动琳琅满目，如何选…
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想做副业赚钱，是被割韭菜，还是真的实现财务自由
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做为一个正在备孕的不确定是不是准妈妈的中青年少女（这可能会有个emo的故事，也许未来会写，今天先略过……），我表示这一年来，基本是间歇性踌躇满志，持续性混吃等死的状态。摸鱼时候经常…